The fan, an object so closely associated with Spain, actually made its way to Europe from the Far East along ancient trade routes. Originally used to keep cool, fans were popular with both men and women. Men used them too, although over time they became particularly fashionable among ladies, who developed a curious and rather complicated “language of the fan”. After all, the fan has long been a symbol of seduction, imagination and freedom of expression.

 

Fan history around the world

The history of this fascinating accessory stretches all the way back to ancient civilisations. Over the centuries, fans have been used in many different countries and cultures. In Ancient Egypt, Greece and China, various types of fans were already being used, not only to keep cool but also during ceremonies and social occasions.

The earliest fans were rigid and made from materials such as palm leaves, feathers and fabric. Folding fans appeared much later in East Asia before gradually spreading to other countries.

It was during the 16th century that folding fans from the East began to gain popularity among Europe’s wealthy classes, thanks to the trade routes connecting Europe and Asia.

But their real heyday in European royal courts came during the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly under the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV of France. By then, fans had become an almost essential part of a noblewoman’s wardrobe. Luxurious materials such as precious stones, silk, gold, mother-of-pearl and other decorative elements were used to create them.

In England, fans also became fashionable accessories and were sometimes painted by specialist artists, featuring historical scenes, landscapes and ornamental designs.

In Spain, fans became particularly popular during the 18th and 19th centuries. Fan-making developed into an important traditional craft, especially in Valencia, where the tradition continues today in towns such as Aldaia.

 

Parts of the fan

Over the years, fans became increasingly popular and were used by people from all walks of life. Traditional folding fans have three main components: the sticks and rivet, which together form the frame, and the leaf.

• The sticks: these are made from materials such as wood, bamboo or mother-of-pearl, and are similar in length and thickness. The two outer sticks, usually stronger than the others, protect the fan when it is closed.
• The rivet: this is the small pin that joins the sticks together at one end, allowing the fan to open and close.
• The leaf: this is the part that folds between the sticks and forms the fan’s surface when opened. It can be made from paper, fabric, silk or lace and is often decorated with drawings and paintings.

 

Types of fans

The wide variety of fans has always been closely linked to the whims of fashion. There are fans of all shapes and sizes, designed for all sorts of purposes, some of which might seem rather surprising today.

• Luxury fans: these were the most expensive and elegant fans. They were made from materials such as mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell or ivory and could feature delicate paintings and engravings. Some designs, known as brisé fans, had no leaf and consisted entirely of decorated sticks joined together.
• Violin fans: these fans date back to the 19th century and were named after their unusual shape, which resembled that of a violin.
• Fans for bullfighting events: surprisingly enough, fans were once made especially for spectators attending bullfights. They were large enough to provide a little shade during the event.
• Scented fans: these unusual fans were perfumed and released a pleasant fragrance when moved. Some were made from aromatic woods or infused with perfume, and could be decorated with floral designs.
• Mask fans: during masquerade balls and Carnival celebrations, fans with unusual shapes were sometimes used, including designs intended to partially conceal the face.

We’ve looked at just a few types of fans, but there are many more, including:

• Fans for unmarried and married women.
• Spanish fans.
• Fans for use at home or when paying visits.
• Fans for gentlemen.
• Morning and afternoon fans.
• Winter and summer fans.
• Fans for walks or travelling.
• Wedding and mourning fans.

 

Fan language

Now let’s discover a little more about the secret language of the fan, a form of communication based mainly on how this accessory was moved or held.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, fans were also used as a means of communication and courtship. It is said that ladies could send discreet messages to their admirers with a simple flick of the wrist, without having to say a single word.

Although many of these gestures have been passed down through tradition, their meanings could vary depending on the time and place. There was never a single code that everyone understood.

Some of the messages traditionally associated with the language of the fan include:

• I find you pleasant and charming: repeatedly tap the fan against your left hand.
• I’m single: fan yourself slowly and gently across your chest.
• I’d like to get to know you and see what happens: hold the folded fan in your left hand.
• I’m not available: open and close the fan very quickly.
• I want a kiss: gently touch your lips with the fan.
• Talk to me: open the fan with your left hand and pretend to count the sticks.
• Impatience: repeatedly tap an object with the fan.
• Wait: slowly open the fan and hold it up so it can be seen.
• Follow me when I leave: hold the fan in your right hand in front of your face or eyes.
• Indicate the time of a meeting: open the fan to reveal a particular number of sticks.
• It’s our secret: slowly move the fan across your ear.
• Be careful, we’re being watched: rest the closed fan against your right cheek or cover your eyes with the open fan.
• I love you: simply hold the fan against your heart.
• I’m not interested in you: hold the fan against your left ear.
• I hate you: drop the fan on the floor.

As you can see, the language of the fan was remarkably varied. A simple gesture could become a declaration of love, an invitation or a way of rejecting an admirer.

 

Tips for choosing, using and looking after a fan

Although nowadays we mainly use fans to keep cool, they are still practical and elegant accessories. If you’re thinking of buying one or want to keep yours in good condition, take note of these tips!

 

Choose a comfortable, sturdy fan

If you’re going to use your fan regularly, it’s best to choose a lightweight model with strong sticks and a smooth opening mechanism. Wooden fans with fabric leaves are a good option for everyday use, while hand-painted designs also make lovely souvenirs.

Open and close it carefully

Although opening a fan with a quick flick of the wrist has a certain charm, it’s best to avoid overly forceful movements, especially with handmade fans. This will help prevent damage to the sticks or fabric.

Protect it from sunlight and damp

If you own a decorative or antique fan, store it somewhere dry and away from direct sunlight. Damp can damage the materials, while prolonged exposure to sunlight can cause the colours to fade.

Clean your fan according to its materials

To remove dust, use a soft cloth or a brush with delicate bristles. Avoid getting paper, silk or hand-painted fans wet, as moisture could damage them.

Discover handmade fans

If you’re visiting Andalusia or the Valencian Community, take the opportunity to discover traditionally crafted fans. You’ll find hand-painted designs featuring flowers, landscapes and traditional patterns, making them a lovely reminder of Spanish culture.

 

Interesting facts about fans you might not know

Fans are much more than accessories for keeping cool. Throughout history, they’ve been associated with some fascinating stories and unusual customs. Did you know that they’ve also been symbols of power, works of art and even a way of sending secret messages?

 

The earliest fans were symbols of power

In Ancient Egypt, large fans were used during religious ceremonies and royal events. Some were made from feathers and held by attendants to provide a cooling breeze and keep insects away.

Fans weren’t just for women

Although we tend to associate fans with women today, men have also used them throughout history. In some European royal courts, they were symbols of distinction, while in Asia, men’s use of fans has been part of various cultural traditions.

There was a fan for every occasion

During the 18th and 19th centuries, fans were made for weddings, parties, walks, journeys and even periods of mourning. Their materials, colours and decorations could vary depending on the occasion and the social status of the person carrying them.

Valencia has a long tradition of fan-making

Fan-making became an important traditional craft in Valencia during the 18th century. This tradition has survived to the present day, and towns such as Aldaia are still closely associated with the design and production of fans.

Some fans were genuine works of art

Many antique fans featured hand-painted decorations, mythological scenes, landscapes and portraits. Some incorporated precious materials and intricate carving, which is why they can now be found in museums and art collections.

The language of the fan didn’t always mean the same thing

Although numerous lists of secret fan messages have survived, not all gestures had the same meaning. Depending on the location, local customs or even the people involved in the game of seduction, the same movement could be interpreted in different ways.

 

WHERE TO STAY

If you’re looking for a truly relaxing break, there’s nothing quite like staying at a prestigious hotel. El Fuerte Marbella, a five-star hotel located right on the seafront promenade and just a few minutes from the Old Town, offers all the services and comforts you need for an unforgettable stay on the Costa del Sol.

Alternatively, if you’d like to explore the eastern part of Málaga province, you can stay at Olée Holiday Rentals Apartments, located between Torrox Costa and Nerja. With terraces and sea views, these apartments are an excellent choice for a holiday with your partner, family or friends.

Fuerte Group Hotels has a long history in the tourism industry and offers a range of accommodation options in some of Andalusia’s most attractive destinations.